Components Of Data Communication
Data Communication VTU NOTES
Data Communication system
Data Communication concepts
Data Communication definition
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Today we will be learning about components of Data Communication.
A data communications system has five components:
Message:The message is the information (data) to be communicated. Popular forms of information include text,numbers, pictures, audio, and video.
Sender:The sender is the device that sends the data message.It can be a computer,workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.
Receiver: The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be a computer,workstation, telephone handset, television, and so on.
Transmission medium: The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples of transmission media include twisted-pair wire,coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and radio waves.
Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. It represents an agreement between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not communicating.
Data Representation
Information today comes in different forms such as text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
Text: In data communications, text is represented as a bit pattern, a sequence of bits (0s or 1s).Different sets of bit patterns have been designed to represent text symbols. Each set is called a code, and the process of representing symbols is called coding. Today, the prevalent coding system is called Unicode, which uses 32 bits to represent a symbol or character used in any language in the world.
Numbers: Numbers are also represented by bit patterns.However, a code such as ASCII is not used to represent numbers; the number is directly converted to a binary number to simplify mathematical
operations.
Images: Images are also represented by bit patterns. In its simplest form, an image is composed of a matrix of pixels (picture elements), where each pixel is a small dot. The size of the pixel depends on the resolution. For example, an image can be divided into 1000 pixels or 10,000 pixels. In the second case, there is a better representation of the image (better resolution), but more memory is needed to store the image.
After an image is divided into pixels, each pixel is assigned a bit pattern. The size and the value of the pattern depend on the image. For an image made of only black- and-white dots
(e.g.,a chessboard), a 1-bit pattern is enough to represent a pixel.
There are several methods to represent color images. One method is called RGB, so called because each color is made of a combination of three primary colors: red, green, and blue.
Audio: Audio refers to the recording or broadcasting of sound or music. Audio is by nature different from text, numbers, or images. It is continuous, not discrete. Even when we use a microphone to
change voice or music to an electric signal, we create a continuous signal.
Video: Video refers to the recording or broadcasting of a picture or movie. Video can either be produced as a continuous entity (e.g., by a TV camera), or it can be a combination of images, each a discrete entity, arranged to convey the idea of motion.
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